What condition is characterized by the presence of excess glucose in the blood?

The condition characterized by the presence of excess glucose in the blood is hyperglycemia. This occurs when the body has too much glucose circulating in the bloodstream, which can result from various factors, including inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or excessive glucose production by the liver. Hyperglycemia is particularly associated with diabetes mellitus, where chronic elevated blood glucose levels can lead to serious health complications if not managed properly.

In contrast to hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia refers to low blood glucose levels, which can cause symptoms such as dizziness, confusion, and weakness. Diabetes insipidus is unrelated to blood glucose levels; it involves an imbalance of fluids in the body caused by insufficient production of the hormone vasopressin, leading to excessive urination and thirst. Hypertension pertains to high blood pressure, which is a different health issue entirely. Therefore, hyperglycemia is the appropriate term for the condition involving elevated blood glucose levels.