What is the classification of neoplasms primarily by anatomical site called?

The classification of neoplasms primarily by anatomical site is referred to as Oncology. Oncology is the branch of medicine that specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer, encompassing the study of tumors (neoplasms) and their classification according to different parameters, including their anatomical location. This classification is crucial because it helps clinicians determine the treatment plan and prognosis based on the tumor's origin and characteristics.

While tomography, histopathology, and cytology are relevant medical terms, they serve different purposes. Tomography refers to imaging techniques used to create detailed pictures of internal structures, which can aid in identifying tumors but does not classify them. Histopathology involves the microscopic examination of tissue to study the manifestation of disease, specifically looking at the cellular characteristics of neoplasms rather than their anatomical location. Cytology focuses on the study of individual cells, often through techniques like Pap smears, and also does not involve classifying neoplasms by their anatomical sites. Therefore, Oncology is the correct term for the classification of neoplasms by their anatomical location.