Which of the following conditions is a disorder of water metabolism that results from an ADH deficiency?

Diabetes insipidus is a disorder characterized by an insufficient production of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), which is crucial for regulating water balance in the body. ADH helps the kidneys manage the amount of water that is excreted in urine. When there is a deficiency of ADH, the kidneys cannot reabsorb water effectively, leading to excessive urination and increased thirst. This condition directly affects water metabolism and is critical for understanding fluid balance and related disorders.

In contrast, diabetes mellitus is related to insulin deficiency or insulin resistance and does not involve water metabolism in the same way. Hypoglycemia pertains to low blood sugar levels and is distinct from water regulation. Hypercalcemia involves elevated calcium levels in the blood, which does not relate to antidiuretic hormone or water metabolism. Therefore, the unique connection of diabetes insipidus to ADH deficiency makes it the correct choice.